Abstract

Pulmonary Function Tests in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Their Relationship with Glycemic Control and Duration of the Disease-A Randomized, Double-Blind and Placebo Control Study

Aim: To evaluate the pulmonary function tests in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients and to determine the corelation of the HbA1c and duration of the disease with PFTs in type 2 DM patients. Study Design: Randomized, double-blind, and placebo control study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, ASCOMS College, and Hospital conducted from 1^st November 2019 to 31^st October 2020. Methodology: The basic parameters of the subjects like age, sex, weight in kg, and height in cm were recorded. Each subject was instructed to visit the biochemistry laboratory with 6 hrs of fasting on a specific date. The FBS and HbA1c were estimated using standardized methods. Spirometry was performed to assess pulmonary functions. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 10.0 software. Using this software, frequencies, range, mean, standard deviation, and ‘p’ were calculated through Student ‘t’ test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson Correlation, and Chi-square test. The p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The highest number of patients was recorded in the age group of 61-70 years. The mean age of the cases was 59.38 years while in the control group the mean age was recorded as 55.84 years. Sex distribution of the patients showed males and females were in the ratio of 66:34 while in the control group males were 64% and females were 36%. HbA1c was recorded significantly higher in cases (8.23) as compared to the control group (5.02). Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients had a mean of 67.96 with a range of 48.19-87.73 compared to controls having a mean of 102.24 with a range of 82.13-122.35. Type 2 DM patients had a mean of 109.28 with a range of 93.81-124.75 compared to controls having a mean of 101.70 with a range of 91.56-111.28. Age distribution and HbA1c showed significant association. The highest HbA1c was recorded in the age group of more than 70 years (10.73) which was followed by 51-60 years (7.92) while the lowest HbA1c was recorded in the age group of fewer than 40 years (4.33). Conclusion: FVC and FEV1 were decreased in Type-2 diabetes mellitus compared to controls, whereas the ratio of the two (FEV1/ FVC%) was increased. There was a negative correlation between the duration of diabetes mellitus and pulmonary functions FEV1% Pred, FVC% Pred. A linear relationship exists between increasing duration and FEV1/ FVC%, which is indicative of restrictive disorder of the lung. As the HbA1c level increases, the spirometry values FVC and FEV1 were consistently decreased. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus should undergo pulmonary function tests intermittently to detect pulmonary complications.

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