Abstract

Demographical Factors Associated with Psychological Distress and Family Environment during COVID-19 Pandemic in Jordan: A Large Sample Study

Background: This study investigates the demographical factors associated with psychological distress and the family environment during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Jordan. Objectives: The sample consisted of (1211) participants (355 males and 856 females) aged (18 to 67) years. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) and The Modified Short-form Family Environment Scale were used. Results: Females and unmarried have more psychological distress than males and married; secondary and less level and bachelor level showed the most elevated psychological distress; offspring have high psychological distress than parents. Males showed higher cohesion, expression, and conflict scores than females. Also, postgraduate individuals have higher scores in cohesion and expression, whereas individuals with a diploma level have higher scores in the Organization. Fathers scored higher than mothers and offspring in cohesion, expression, conflict and Organization, whereas offspring scored higher than parents in intellectualcultural orientation. The correlation results showed that psychological distress correlated negatively with age and positively with the number of family members; age correlated positively with all family environment dimensions except recreational activities and negatively with intellectual-cultural orientation. The number of family members correlated negatively with all the family environment dimensions but positively with intellectual-cultural orientation. Finally, commitment to governmental regulations was correlated positively with all family environment dimensions except expression and correlated negatively with conflict. Conclusion: These results were discussed in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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