Abstract

A Systematic Review of Complications during Insertion of Central Venous Catheterization Guided by Ultrasound versus and Anatomical Landmark

Background: Central Venous Catheter (CVC) is an interventional procedure used during anesthesia and critical care for the administration of drugs, fluids and to measure blood pressure as well as other medical uses. There are two methods for the insertion of a Central Venous Catheter, ultrasound imaging, and anatomical landmarks. The CVC is inserted into a central vein such as the internal jugular, Subclavian, and femoral veins in sterile procedures with as few attempts as possible to reduce complications. Objective: The study aimed to review the incidence of complications during the insertion of central venous catheterization guided by ultrasound versus an anatomical landmark. Methodology: The researchers collected papers that met the criteria and were already published in databases, i.e., the Wiley digital library, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Databases in the period of (2000-2020). The sample consisted of 25 articles. Mesh headings searched included ultrasound, anatomical landmark, central venous cannulation, and complications. Result: Findings of 24 (96%) Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) in different parts of the world revealed that the ultrasound imaging method has fewer complications than anatomical landmark during central venous cannulation, A p-value <0.05, and only 1(4%) study showed the insignificance with the p-value is >0.05. Conclusion: According to all previous studies, the review concluded that ultrasound imaging is more effective in reducing complications compared to the anatomical landmark technique in patients requiring central venous catheter insertion. And this review is recommending further studies to discover other factors that can reduce the complications.

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